Enclosed gardens continue, but as Elizabeth Barlow Rogers introduces in our text, there was an "emphasis upon axial planning, a first step toward spatial thrust and the apparent extension of its boundaries to the horizon."  Immense wealth is also on display, and such private opportunities lead to advances in urban planning.​

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key places of interest

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Early Theory & Villas

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Treatise De re aedificatoria (on architecture): Leon Battista Alberti

Villa Medici: Fiesola, Italy: Michelozzo di Bartolommeo

Hypnerotomachia Poliphili: Francesco Colonna

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16th Century Architecture & Gardens, Italy

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Cortile de Belvedere: Vatican City: Donata Bramante, Michelangelo Buonarroti, Pirro Ligorio

Villa Madama: Rome: Raffaello Sanzio, Giulio Romano, Antonio da Sangallo the Younger

Villa Farnesina: Rome: Baldassare Peruzzi

Villa Giulia: Rome: Michelangelo Buonarroti, Giorgio Vasari, Bartolomeo Ammannati, Giocomo Barozzi da Vignola

Villa Pia: Vatican City: Pirro Ligorio

Villa d'Este: Tivoli: Pirro Ligorio

Villa Lante: Viterbo: Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola

Sacro Bosco: Bomarzo: Count Pier Francesco Orsini

Boboli Gardens: Bernardo Buontalenti

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Quatro libri: Andrea Palladio

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Villa Barbaro (Villa de Maser): Muliparte: Andrea Palladio

Villa Rotonda: Vicenza: Andrea Palladio

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Urban Axial Planning

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Via Giulia: Rome: Donato Bramante

Piazza Sant' Angelo: Rome

Campidoglio: Rome: Michelangelo Buonorroti

Villa Montalto: Rome: Domenico Fontana

Circus Maximus (Piazzo del Popolo): Rome: Domenico Fontana (obelisk addition)

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16th Century Architecture and Garden, France

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Châteaux Royal de Blois: Blois: Jacques Androuet du Cerceau

Château de Fontainebleau: Gilles de Breton (remodel), Francesco Primaticcio (grotto)

Château d'Ancy-le-Franc: Sebastiano Serlio

Château d'Anet: Philibert de l'Orme

Château de Chenonceaux: Philibert de l'Orme (remodel additions)

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Paris Urbanization & Gardens

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Infrastructure Rebuilding: Maximilien de Béthune

Louvre: Pierre Lescot & subsequent architects under Henry IV

Place des Vosges (Place Royale): Maximilien de Béthune

Tuileries: Gardening Families Mollets, Le Nôtre, Desgots

Traité du jardinage: Jacques Boyceau

Luxembourg Gardens: Possibly Jacque Boyceau, Tomasso Francini

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