For some of us, the 19th century begins the ascent of American landscape architecture into a fully realized profession.  Of course, the partnership of Vaux and Olmsted lead this narrative, but so much was happening simultaneously.  The sciences were blossoming, and exploration of new botanic wonders kept conservatories and collectors busy.  As grand estates continued to flourish, certainly, but their influence on public spaces gave way to physical representations of democratized parks, plazas, and even cities.   

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key places of interest

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Victorian England

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The Royal Botanic Garden at Kew: London: Sir Joseph Banks; William Andrews Nesfield

Designs for Laying Out Farms (1812): John Claudius Loudon

Conservatories (and their placement in public spaces): Joseph Paxton, Decimus Burton, Richard Turner

Derby Arboretum: Derby: John Claudius Loudon

Hatfield House: Hatfield: Marquess of Salisbury; Marchioness of Salisbury

Leavens Hall: Kendal: Alexander Forbes; William Andrews Nesfield

Elvaston Castle and Country Park: Derby: William Barron

Chatsworth House: Bakewell: Joseph Paxton

Prince's Park: Liverpool: Joseph Paxton

Birkenhead Park: Liverpool: Lewis Hornblower; John Robertson

Victoria Park: London: James Pennethorne

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Botanic United States

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Elgin Botanic Garden: New York: David Hosack

Hyde Park on the Hudson River (A.K.A. Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site, former home of David Hosack: Hyde Park: André Parmentier

Downing's Residence & Botanic Garden: Newburgh: Andrew Jackson Downing

Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening (1841): Andrew Jackson Downing

Washington Mall: Washington, D.C.: Andrew Jackson Downing

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Rural Cemeteries

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Père-Lachaise Cemetery: Paris: Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart

Mount Auburn Cemetery: Boston: Henry Dearborn

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Frederick Law Olmsted & Calvert Vaux

(and later with Olmsted: Henry Hobson Richardson, Charles Eliot, Daniel Burnham)

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Central Park: New York

Prospect Park: Brooklyn

Buffalo Park System: Buffalo

Riverside Master Plan: Riverside

Chicago South Park Commission: Chicago

Emerald Necklace: Boston

Franklin Park: Boston

Moraine Farm: Beverly

United States Capitol: Washington, D.C.

World's Columbian Exposition: Chicago

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